Apr 07, · TOP depression essay topics. Effects of mood disorders on physical health. Causes of depression among teens. Compare depression and bipolar disorder. Neurodegenerative effects of long-term depression. Mental disorders and personality changes in adults. Impact of psychological stress on mental disorders. Teen depression and suicide Apr 07, · Mental Health Benefits Associated with Physical Activity. Association between Exercise and Mood. Mental Health Problems of Homeless People. Stress as a Risk Factor for Mental Disorders. Effect of Disposer to Violence on Mental Disorders. Common Mental Disorders in the USA. Depression and Anxiety Disorders among Adults. Cognitive-Behavioral How Teachers Help Students with Mental Health Disorders. Teachers can take steps in their classroom to help recognize mental health issues in students. They can educate themselves and others on the symptoms of mental health issues, provide a safe environment, encourage good health, and help students access mental health resources
Mental disorder - Wikipedia
A mental disorderalso called a mental illness [3] or psychiatric disorderis a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.
The causes of mental disorders are often unclear. Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields. Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks. A mental disorder is one aspect of mental health. Cultural and religious beliefs, as well as social normsshould be taken into account when making a diagnosis.
Services are based in psychiatric hospitals or in the communityand assessments are carried out by mental health professionals such as psychiatrists, psychologists, essay mental disorders, psychiatric nurses and clinical social workersusing various methods such as psychometric tests but often relying on observation and questioning. Treatments are provided by various mental health professionals. Psychotherapy and psychiatric medication are two major treatment options.
Other treatments include lifestyle changes, social interventions, peer supportand self-help. In a minority of cases, there might be involuntary detention or treatment. Prevention programs have been shown to reduce depression. Incommon mental disorders around the globe include depressionwhich affects about million, essay mental disorders, bipolar disorderwhich affects about 45 million, dementiawhich affects about 50 million, and schizophrenia and other psychoses, which affects about 20 million people.
The definition and classification of mental disorders are key issues for researchers as well as service providers and those who may be diagnosed.
For a mental state to classify as a disorder, it generally needs to cause dysfunction. It has been noted that using the term "mental" i. According to DSM-IVessay mental disorders, a mental disorder is a psychological syndrome or pattern which is associated with distress e. via a painful symptomdisability impairment in one or more important areas of functioningincreased risk of essay mental disorders, or causes a significant loss of autonomy; however it excludes normal responses such as grief from loss of a loved one and also excludes deviant behavior for political, religious, or societal reasons not arising from a dysfunction in the individual.
DSM-IV predicates the definition with caveats, stating that, as in the essay mental disorders with many medical terms, mental disorder "lacks a consistent operational definition that covers all situations", noting that different levels of abstraction can be used for medical definitions, including pathology, symptomology, deviance from essay mental disorders normal range, or etiology, and that the same is true for mental disorders so essay mental disorders sometimes one type of definition is appropriate, and sometimes another, depending on the situation.
Inthe American Psychiatric Association APA redefined mental disorders in the DSM-5 as "a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, essay mental disorders, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning.
The terms "mental breakdown" or "nervous breakdown" may be used by the general population to mean a mental disorder. Additionally to the concept of mental disorder, some people have argued for a return to the essay mental disorders concept of nervous illness.
In How Everyone Became Depressed: The Rise and Fall of the Nervous BreakdownEdward Shorter, a professor of psychiatry and the history of medicine, says:. About half of them are depressed. Or at least that is the diagnosis essay mental disorders they got when they were put on antidepressants. They go to work but essay mental disorders are unhappy and uncomfortable; they are somewhat anxious; they are tired; they have various physical pains—and they tend to obsess about the whole business.
There is a term for what they have, and it is a good old-fashioned term that has gone out of use. They have nerves or a nervous illness. It is an illness not just of mind or brain, but a disorder of the entire body. We have a package here of five symptoms—mild depression, some anxiety, fatigue, somatic pains, essay mental disorders, and obsessive thinking.
We have had nervous illness for centuries. When you are too nervous to function it is a nervous breakdown. But that term has vanished from medicine, although not from the way we speak The nervous patients of yesteryear are the depressives of today. That is the bad news There is a deeper illness that drives depression and the symptoms of mood, essay mental disorders.
We can call this deeper illness something else, or invent a neologism, but we need to get the discussion off depression and onto this deeper disorder in the brain and body, essay mental disorders. That is the point. In eliminating the nervous breakdown, psychiatry has come close to having its own nervous breakdown. Both of these list categories of disorder and provide standardized criteria for diagnosis. They have deliberately converged their codes in recent revisions so that the manuals are often broadly comparable, although significant differences remain.
Other classification schemes may be used in non-western cultures, for example, the Chinese Classification of Mental Disordersand other manuals may be used by those of alternative theoretical persuasions, such as the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, essay mental disorders. In general, mental disorders are classified separately from neurological disorderslearning disabilities essay mental disorders intellectual disability. Unlike the DSM and ICD, some approaches are not based on identifying distinct categories of disorder using dichotomous symptom profiles intended to separate the abnormal from the normal.
There is significant scientific debate about the relative merits of categorical versus such non-categorical or hybrid schemes, essay mental disorders known as continuum or dimensional models, essay mental disorders. A spectrum approach may incorporate elements of both.
In the scientific and academic literature on the definition or classification of mental disorder, essay mental disorders extreme argues that it is entirely a matter of value judgements including of what is normal while another proposes that it is or could be entirely objective and scientific including by reference to statistical norms.
Some neurologists argue that classification will only be reliable and valid essay mental disorders based on neurobiological features rather than clinical interview, while others suggest that the differing ideological and practical perspectives need to be better integrated.
The DSM and ICD approach remains under essay mental disorders both because of the implied causality model [29] and because some researchers believe it better to aim at underlying brain differences which can precede symptoms by many years.
The high degree of comorbidity between disorders in categorical models such as the DSM and ICD have led some to propose dimensional essay mental disorders. Studying comorbidity between disorders have demonstrated two latent unobserved factors or dimensions in the structure of mental disorders that are thought to possibly reflect etiological processes, essay mental disorders.
These two essay mental disorders reflect a distinction between internalizing disorders, such as mood or anxiety symptoms, and externalizing disorders such as behavioral or substance use symptoms.
The p factor model supports the internalizing-externalizing distinction, but also supports the formation of a third dimension of thought disorders such as schizophrenia. There are many different categories of mental disorder, and many different facets of human behavior and personality that can become essay mental disorders. Anxiety disorder : Anxiety or fear that interferes with normal functioning may be classified as an anxiety disorder.
Mood disorder involving unusually intense and sustained sadness, melancholia, or despair is known as major depression also known as unipolar or clinical depression. Milder but still prolonged depression can be diagnosed as dysthymia, essay mental disorders. Bipolar disorder also known as manic depression involves abnormally "high" or pressured mood states, known as mania or hypomaniaalternating with normal or depressed moods.
The extent to which unipolar and bipolar mood essay mental disorders represent distinct categories of disorder, or mix and merge along a dimension or spectrum of mood, is subject to some scientific debate. Psychotic disorder : Patterns of belief, language use and perception of reality can become dysregulated e. Psychotic disorders in this domain essay mental disorders schizophreniaand delusional disorder. Schizoaffective disorder is a category used for individuals showing aspects of both schizophrenia and affective disorders.
Schizotypy is a category used for individuals showing some of the characteristics associated with schizophrenia but without meeting cutoff criteria, essay mental disorders. Personality disorder : Personality —the fundamental characteristics of a person that influence thoughts and behaviors across situations and time—may be considered disordered if essay mental disorders to be abnormally rigid and maladaptive. Although treated separately by some, the commonly used categorical schemes include them as mental disorders, albeit on a separate " axis II " in the case of the DSM-IV.
A number of different personality disorders are listed, including those sometimes classed as "eccentric", such as paranoidschizoid and schizotypal personality disorders; types that have described as "dramatic" or "emotional", such essay mental disorders antisocialborderlinehistrionic or narcissistic personality disorders; and those sometimes classed as fear-related, such as anxious-avoidantdependentessay mental disorders, or obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.
Personality disorders, in general, are defined as emerging in childhood, or at least by adolescence or early adulthood. The ICD also has a category for enduring personality change after a catastrophic experience or psychiatric illness. If an inability essay mental disorders sufficiently adjust to life circumstances begins within three months of a particular event or situation, and ends within six months after the stressor stops or is eliminated, it may instead be classed as an adjustment disorder.
There is an emerging consensus that so-called "personality disorders", like personality traits in general, actually incorporate a mixture of acute dysfunctional behaviors that may resolve in short periods, and maladaptive temperamental traits that are more enduring. Eating disorder : These disorders involve disproportionate concern in matters of food and weight, essay mental disorders.
Sleep disorder : These conditions are associated with disruption to normal sleep patterns. Sexual disorders and gender dysphoria : These disorders include dyspareunia and various kinds of paraphilia sexual arousal to objects, situations, essay mental disorders, or individuals that are considered abnormal or harmful to the person or others. Impulse control disorder : People who are abnormally unable to resist certain urges or impulses that could be harmful to themselves or others, may be classified as having an impulse control disorder, and disorders such as kleptomania stealing or pyromania fire-setting.
Various behavioral addictions, such as gambling addiction, may be classed as a disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder can sometimes involve an inability to resist certain acts but is classed separately as being primarily an anxiety disorder. Substance use disorder : This disorder refers to the use of drugs legal or illegal, including alcohol that persists despite significant problems or harm related to its use. Substance dependence and substance abuse fall under this umbrella category in the DSM.
Substance use disorder may be due to a pattern of compulsive and repetitive use of a drug that results in tolerance to its effects and withdrawal symptoms when use is reduced or stopped. Dissociative disorder : People who suffer severe disturbances of their self-identity, memory, and general awareness of themselves and their surroundings may be classified as having these types of disorders, including depersonalization disorder or dissociative identity disorder which was previously referred to as multiple personality disorder or "split personality".
Cognitive disorder : These affect cognitive abilities, essay mental disorders, including learning and memory. This category includes delirium and mild and major neurocognitive disorder previously termed dementia. Developmental essay mental disorders : These disorders initially occur in childhood. Some examples include autism spectrum disorders, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorderand attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHDwhich may continue into adulthood.
Conduct disorder, if continuing into adulthood, may be diagnosed as antisocial personality disorder dissocial personality disorder in the ICD. Popular labels such as psychopath or sociopath do not appear in the DSM or ICD but are linked by some to these diagnoses.
Somatoform disorders may be diagnosed when there are problems that appear to originate in the body that are thought to be manifestations of a mental disorder. This includes somatization disorder and conversion disorder. There are also disorders of how a person perceives their body, such as body dysmorphic disorder.
There are attempts to introduce a category of relational disorderwhere the diagnosis is of a relationship rather than on any one individual in that relationship. The relationship may be between children and their parents, between couples, or others. There already exists, under the category of psychosis, a diagnosis of shared psychotic disorder where two or more individuals share a particular delusion because of their close relationship with each other. There are a number of uncommon psychiatric syndromeswhich are often named after the person who first described them, such as Capgras syndromeDe Clerambault syndromeOthello syndromeGanser syndromeCotard delusionand Ekbom syndromeessay mental disorders, and additional disorders such as the Couvade syndrome and Geschwind syndrome.
Various new types of mental disorder diagnoses are occasionally proposed. Among those controversially considered by the official committees of the diagnostic manuals include self-defeating personality disordersadistic personality disorderpassive-aggressive personality disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
The onset of psychiatric disorders usually occurs from childhood to early adulthood. Some other anxiety disorders, essay mental disorders, substance disorders and mood disorders emerge later in the mid-teens.
Psychological Disorders: Crash Course Psychology #28
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Apr 07, · Mental Health Benefits Associated with Physical Activity. Association between Exercise and Mood. Mental Health Problems of Homeless People. Stress as a Risk Factor for Mental Disorders. Effect of Disposer to Violence on Mental Disorders. Common Mental Disorders in the USA. Depression and Anxiety Disorders among Adults. Cognitive-Behavioral How Teachers Help Students with Mental Health Disorders. Teachers can take steps in their classroom to help recognize mental health issues in students. They can educate themselves and others on the symptoms of mental health issues, provide a safe environment, encourage good health, and help students access mental health resources Apr 07, · TOP depression essay topics. Effects of mood disorders on physical health. Causes of depression among teens. Compare depression and bipolar disorder. Neurodegenerative effects of long-term depression. Mental disorders and personality changes in adults. Impact of psychological stress on mental disorders. Teen depression and suicide
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